3D?Bioassembly of VH?Spheroids for Cartilage Regeneration: in Vitro Evaluation of Chondrogenesis, Fusion and Lateral Integration

Lateral integration and fusion of cartilage tissue interfaces remain significantly challenging limits success engineering (TE) strategies. In this study, self-assembled vitreous humor (VH) spheroids are fabricated by seeding clinically relevant human articular chondrocytes (hACs) or mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) in four VH hydrogels with different glycosaminoglycans (GAG) protein content. Quantitative qualitative analysis the revealed that hAC-VH dependent on initial GAG content to achieve successful chondrogenesis. Remarkably, uniform collagen type II distribution is found all hMSC-VH spheroids, independent donor. HMSC-VH therefore further evaluated for downstream applications tracking cellular migration, evaluating neotissue formation at tissue-tissue interface 3D-bioassembled into an vitro model asses integration. enhanced multidirectional migration both hACs hMSCs toward interface, consequently supported dense deposition region. Ultimately, hMSC-seeded display chondrogenesis endorse through upregulated cell sources – key elements clinical translation cell-based TE